The History of the Invention of the Telegraph

The History of the Invention of the Telegraph At the point when British authorities wished to convey among London and the maritime base at Portsmouth in the mid 1800s, they used a framework called a semaphore chain. A progression of towers based on high purposes of land held contraptions with shades, and men working the screens could streak signals from tower to tower. A semaphore message could be transferred the 85 miles among Portsmouth and London in around 15 minutes. Sharp as the framework might have been, it was extremely only an enhancement for signal fires, which had been utilized since antiquated occasions. There was a requirement for a lot quicker correspondence. Furthermore, by the center of the century, Britain’s semaphore chain was out of date. The Invention of the Telegraph An American educator, Samuel F.B. Morse, started trying different things with imparting correspondences by means of electromagnetic sign in the mid 1830s. In 1838 he had the option to exhibit the gadget by communicating something specific across two miles of wire in Morristown, New Jersey. Morse in the long run got assets from Congress to introduce a line for exhibition between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore. After a failed exertion to cover wires, it was chosen to drape them from shafts, and wire was hung between the two urban communities. On May 24, 1844, Morse, positioned in the Supreme Court chambers, which were then in the US Capitol, made an impression on his associate Alfred Vail in Baltimore. The well known first message: â€Å"What hath God wrought.† News Traveled Quickly After the Invention of the Telegraph The reasonable significance of the message was self-evident, and in 1846 another business, the Associated Press, started utilizing the quickly spreading broadcast lines to send dispatches to paper workplaces. Political race results were accumulated by means of transmit by the AP just because for the 1848 presidential political decision, won by Zachary Taylor. In the next year AP laborers positioned in Halifax, Nova Scotia, start blocking news showing up on vessels from Europe and transmitting it to New York, where it could show up in print days before the pontoons arrived at New York harbor. Abraham Lincoln Was a Technological President When Abraham Lincoln became president the message had become an acknowledged piece of American life. Lincolns first State of the Union message was transmitted over the message wires, as the New York Times covered December 4, 1861:​ The message of President Lincoln was broadcast yesterday to all pieces of the faithful states. The message contained 7, 578 words, and was totally gotten in this city in one hour and 32 minutes, an accomplishment of transmitting unmatched in the Old or New World. Lincolns own interest with the innovation drove him to spend numerous hours during the Civil War in the message room of the War Department working close to the White House. The youngsters who kept an eye on the message gear later reviewed him now and again remaining for the time being, anticipating messages from his military leaders. The president would for the most part compose his messages in longhand, and broadcast administrators would transfer them, in military figure, to the front. Some of Lincolns messages are instances of insistent curtness, for example, when he prompted General Ulysses S. Award, at City Point, Virginia in August 1864: â€Å"Hold on with a bulldog hold, and bite and gag however much as could be expected. A. Lincoln.† A Telegraph Cable Reached Under the Atlantic Ocean During the Civil War development of broadcast lines toward the west continued, and news from the far off regions could be sent toward the eastern urban communities in a split second. In any case, the greatest test, which appeared to be absolutely unthinkable, is lay a message link under the sea from North America to Europe. In 1851 an utilitarian message link had been laid over the English Channel. Not exclusively could news travel among Paris and London, however the innovative accomplishment appeared to represent the harmony among Britain and France only a couple of decades after the Napoleonic Wars. Before long message organizations started looking over the shoreline of Nova Scotia to get ready for laying link. An American agent, Cyrus Field, got engaged with the arrangement to place a link over the Atlantic in 1854. Field fund-raised from his rich neighbors in New York City’s Gramercy Park neighborhood, and another organization was shaped, the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company. In 1857, two boats sanctioned by Fields organization started laying the 2,500 miles of link, setting off from Irelands Dingle Peninsula. The underlying exertion before long fizzled, and another endeavor was postponed until the next year. Transmit Messages Crossed the Ocean By Undersea Cable The push to lay the link in 1858 met with issues, however they were survived and on August 5, 1858, Cyrus Field had the option to communicate something specific from Newfoundland to Ireland through the link. On August 16 Queen Victoria sent a complimentary message to President James Buchanan. Cyrus Field was treated as a saint upon appearance in New York City, however soon the link went dead. Field set out to consummate the link, and before the finish of the Civil War he had the option to organize all the more financing. An endeavor to lay link in 1865 bombed when the link snapped only 600 miles from Newfoundland. An improved link was at long last set up in 1866. Messages were before long streaming between the United States and Europe. Furthermore, the link which snapped the earlier year was found and fixed, so two utilitarian links were working. The Telegraph Was Depicted In the Capitol Dome Constantino Brumidi, the Italian-conceived craftsman who was painting inside the recently extended US Capitol, consolidated the transoceanic link into two delightful canvases. The craftsman was a self assured person, as his elevated delineations were finished a couple of years before the link was at last demonstrated fruitful. In the oil painting Telegraph, Europe is depicted as catching hands with America while a seraph offers a message wire. The awesome fresco inside the highest point of the Capitols arch, Apotheosis of Washington has a board named Marine indicating Venus serving to lay the transoceanic link. In the Late 1800s Telegraph Wires Covered the World In the years following Fields achievement, submerged links associated the Middle East with India, and Singapore with Australia. Before the finish of the nineteenth century, a significant part of the globe was wired for correspondence.

Custom Research Paper Writing Services - Why You Should Be Careful

Custom Research Paper Writing Services - Why You Should Be CarefulCustom research paper writing services are in great demand all over the world. The benefits of having your research papers written professionally is quite evident. But, there are also various disadvantages of going in for such services that you must be aware of.Most people consider that custom research paper writing services are only beneficial if you have a lot of academic qualifications. However, there are many professionals who cannot afford to leave their day jobs, and prefer to do research papers. Though, this does not mean that they have no knowledge about their subject matter.One of the biggest advantages of going in for custom research paper writing services is that they can produce professional-looking papers. They do not cost you a lot of money, which makes them a very popular option among students and young professionals. The other advantage is that they can produce a good quality paper for you without burde ning you with a huge amount of research. You can find a good number of writers online who offer custom research paper writing services.A research paper should not be so hard to write. Since it will be used for professional purposes, it should be short and easy to understand. It should also be able to convey the ideas clearly, as opposed to an essay which has to be very technical. For this reason, you should make sure that the writers that you work with have a good command over the English language and can deliver the message with ease.Apart from that, the professionals that you work with should be able to provide you with a standard service. There are many bad writers out there who will not even bother to proofread your work before they publish it. This is a big no-no and you should keep this in mind when dealing with these professionals.The biggest disadvantage that you can face while working with custom research paper writing services is that you will not be able to control the qu ality of the research. You will not be able to supervise how much research the writer undertakes. This can lead to a variety of mistakes. A good writer may even leave something out, resulting in a high quality research paper but a very low-quality final product.The final reason why you should be wary of these services is that the services of professional writers can get extremely expensive when compared to online services. With the rise in the demand for custom research paper writing services, the writers have been paying more attention to how they look and what they do. The quality of work that they deliver is thus going down. Therefore, you should compare prices before you choose the best custom research paper writing service.You should also look for certain things in a custom research paper writing service. These factors include professionalism, speed, quality of research and consistency. You can find many companies that can help you with your research paper writing needs.

Ruthless Intentions :: essays research papers

David PagelC.W. first hourCorrectionsFiction Story Ruthless IntentionsWall Street, June 18, 1999. A man in dull shades and a costly smooth Armani suit remains on a melancholy corner pausing. A brilliant Benz with dark tinted windows stops at the check. Another man wearing comparable clothing smoothly ventures out of the rearward sitting arrangement of the vehicle and shots the man on the control over and again. He than similarly as serenely ventures once more into the vehicle and the brilliant Benz dashes away in one quick motion.Chicago, June 19, 1999. Mr. Green sits on a goliath high rise in his delightful official office. He is smoking a Cuban stogie in his huge calfskin seat with brilliant trim. A similar man who shot the man on the road strolls in and takes a seat."The work is done," said the man in an intense voice. Mr. Green doesn't respond. He fills his mouth with smoke, inclines forward, blows it into the man's face and than gradually reclines and says, "Then where is the briefcase?""He didn't have it with him," said the man in a precarious voice.""You fool!" shouted Mr. Green."I couldn't resist, he didn't have the briefcase!" countered the man.Mr. Green answers, "Understand that on the off chance that you don't have the attaché in forty-eight hours you are not accepting fifteen percent of the cash and I am taking 100 percent of your life."Wall Street, June 17, 1999. A man in dim shades and a costly Armani suit strolls down the road. In his correct hand there is a satchel. His fingers are grasped firmly around the handle.In the shadows lies a poor hobo. The bum approaches the man with the folder case for some extra change. The man with the satchel, faintly answers, "Get a job."The bum hears this and answers, "What did you say?""Nothing!" says the man with the portfolio. The homeless person than takes out a blade and holds it to the man's throat. The bum gets the folder case and brings off down the road. The man dashes after him yet stumbles on a pooch that is being strolled by his owner.Chicago, June 21, 1999. By and by Mr. Green sits in his office smoking a stogie. He investigated his precious stone bound Rolex watch. In strolls the other man who shot he man in the city. He sits down with a dull look all over.

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Focusing on the Present - 1100 Words

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: Focusing on the Present (Essay Sample) Content: Solution-Focused Brief TherapyName:Institution Affiliation Solution-Focused Brief TherapyIntroduction Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg are the perceived pioneers of the Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT). The model is future-oriented, goal-focused, and emphasizes on solutions rather than conditions that make individuals seek therapy. From its early establishment, SFBT has advanced to become a widely used type of brief therapy. Moreover, it is a prevalent model in various platforms including business, education, social policy, child welfare, as well as criminal justice services. Its effectiveness is evident in the eminent concepts and tools it implements. In this case, it emphasizes on executing clear, succinct and realistic goal negotiations. Based on the SFBT strategy, all clients have some ideas or clues about a decision that would enhance their lives. However, there are instances when the therapists have to assist clients in analyzing the details of their live s. (Franklin, 2012, p. 56)Concepts and ToolsFocusing on the Present or Future In Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, the questions emphasize either on the present or on the future. The assertion attributes to the concept that the appropriate solution to a problem is by concentrating on the workable strategies that would enhance clients life according to their wishes. Solution focused therapists rarely invest much effort in the past attempting to identify the origin of the problem. In Mike Richards case, the current story is that the family is experiencing exhaustion and depression. Despite being the head of the family, he is distant from the members including his wife and Son.Compliments Compliments are essential tools of SBFT, which therapists use to enhance solutions. In this case, the therapists recognize and validate any appropriate move that the client has done. On the other hand, the concept enables therapists to acknowledge the difficulty situations that clients undergo. The mov e is significant because it motivates individuals to change as they narrate what the therapist has been listening. Compliments illustrate that solution-focused therapists are understanding towards the clients as well as caring and will often strive to help the client. Founded on SFBT, Mike needs a compliment to motivate him and express understanding. One of the major compliments that I would offer Mike is to ask him how he managed to keep all the other family members including Stevie physically unhurt. Such a notion would enable him to acknowledge that he was a careful driver and hence tried his best to prevent the accident. Besides, this will allow Mike to transfer the blame to the other driver and ease the depression. Acknowledging Stevies good performance at school despite the problem is also a pertinent complement that would enable Mike to identify that there is still more to cherish in his family. In Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, the whole session structures on the form of sp ecialized conversations. The latter are aimed at establishing and acquiring an individuals notion of solutions. Certain concepts and tools are the frameworks of SFBT. These are pertinent in the clarification of solutions and developing the manner to achieve them. The first relevant concept is the identification of previous solutions. Most therapists in SFBT confirm that most clients have previously solved many problems; hence, the clients possess a clue of how to find a solution for the current problem. Therefore, to provide a perfect solution to the client, the solution-focused therapists seek to investigate prior information about the condition. Besides, they enquire some of the steps that the client took and were helpful.Exceptions Another major concept of SFBT is looking for exceptions especially when the client lacks a prior solution to an individual problem. In most cases, most solution-focused therapists believe that clients have recent examples of exceptions to their partic ular situation. These are from incidents where a problem was to occur but did not occur. It is essential to acknowledge that there is a small but significant difference between an exception and a solution. While a solution is entails, what a client has previously implemented and it has worked, an exception is what occurs instead of a problem. Arguably, most exceptions occur spontaneously without an individuals recognition. To acquire this information from clients, solution-focused therapists ask them about instances when a similar situation was less of a problem. For example, in Mike Richards case, Jennifer requires an exception-finding question that would help her relationship with her husband. An effective exception-finding question would be structured as follows:Me: Is this the only incident to cause a problem in your relationship with Mike since you two have been together?Jennifer: No, Mike and I have had several mishaps that have affected our relationship. However, Jul ies death is the worst incident that occurred throughout our relationship.Me: I completely understand you. However, what is different about the instances when the mishaps in your relationship was less of a problem? Such an exception-finding question would help Jennifer to identify the most appropriate action to execute and save her relationship with Mike. In solution-focused therapy, clients are encouraged to execute more of what is working. After establishing a positive attitude through the compliments, therapists invite clients to perform more of the working methods. Commonly referred to as an experiment, the concept allows clients to bring some solutions they would like to attempt. Miracle Question The use of a miracle question is another concept deployed at the SFBT. The miracle question is a powerful tool in establishing initial small moves towards solution achievement. The move helps clients to describe SMART steps they can implement immediately. In Mike Richards case, the mir acle question would be as follows: Me: I want to ask you a question that will sound a bit weird and needs some of your imagination. I hope yo...

Introduction to the Finance Company Project - 979 Words

Introduction to the Finance Company Project Your team is required to analyze the future business and economic prospects of a major, publicly traded corporation using financial concepts and techniques as well as the concepts and techniques from other business areas. Make sure any statements you make in your analysis are consistent with the knowledge base of finance. Also please include your calculations (including spreadsheets), data sources (be specific, including date and page number(s)), and assumptions (explain your rationale) in the appendices. While your analysis should be geared toward finance, nobody, of course, can make business decisions using solely finance techniques and concepts, so where applicable, incorporate†¦show more content†¦c) Comment on how future cash flows maybe be affected by information contained in the footnotes to the financial statements. Footnotes are often more interesting than the rest of the financial statements and provide valuable information. d) Do a brief analysis of your competitors, the prospects of their future cash flows, and how that affects your company s cash flows. e) Conduct a post-audit of one (or more) of your company s major past projects and incorporate this qualitatively into your estimates of future cash flows. (6) HISTORICAL STOCK PRICE: Review briefly the historical performance of the company s stock price. Explain if this affected your analysis. (7) SECURITY ANALYST’S REPORTS: Evaluate what securities analysts are saying about your company, and explain if you agree or disagree with their recommendations. What is the sentiment for your stock: are there a lot of buy recommendations or are there a lot of hold/sell recommendations? (8) DIVIDEND and CAPITAL STRUCTURE: a) Analyze the current dividend policy of your company. If it doesn t pay a dividend, should it? b) Analyze the target capital structure of your company including bank loans, leases, and other financial securities issued in addition to preferred stock, common stock, and debt. Why do you think it maintains the capital structure it does? Do you think it is an optimal capital structure? If not, what do you think would be?Show MoreRelatedProject Finance : Project Management College Uk Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesREPORT ON PROJECT FINANCE MODULE 12 TOPIC: THE PROJECTS APPROACH STUDENT ID: PMC 26995-NG-UK PROJECT MANAGEMENT COLLEGE UK TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT FINANCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. FEATURES OF PROJECT FINANCE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 3. FINANCING STRUCTURE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 4. METHOD OF FINANCING A PROJECT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 5. CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 6. REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 â€Æ' INTRODUCTION OF PROJECTRead MoreThe Role Of Debt Of Project Finance Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesTable of Contents Introduction 2 Role of Debt in Project finance 2 Pros and Cons of project finance debt 3 Identifying Project Risks 3 Difference from Corporate Lending: 4 â€Æ' Introduction Project finance is a term used freely by a number of professionals including bankers, journalists, and academics in order to describe a variety of financing activities. Project finance is a decades-old term that preexists corporate finance. However, the rolling growth in infrastructure undertakings in the developingRead MoreManaging Financial Resources Essay examples1182 Words   |  5 PagesAssessor Name: mr olumide ologan Content Page Section No Page No 1. Introduction 2. 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Interactive web technologies have larger and greater -accomplishment than operationalRead MoreThe Management Of Chicago Bank1153 Words   |  5 Pages â€Æ' Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Proposal 4 Loan 4 Amortization 5 Balloon Payment 5 Loan-to-Value 6 Abstract Consortium Bank - â€Å"A subsidiary bank created by numerous banks. A consortium bank is created to fund a specific project (such as providing affordable homeownership for low- and moderate-income home buyers) or to execute a specific deal (such as selling loans in the loan syndication market)†. (Investopedia, 2009) The Consortium generally strengthens the individual bank’s

Janmar Coating case study - 1165 Words

1.0 Case Summary This case is about an organization doing business on paint coatings market served by company in the southwestern United States. The organization has some challenges on how to deploy marketing efforts among the various architectural paint coatings markets served in the southwestern United States. 1. Janmar Coating, Inc. Janmar Coating, Inc. is a privately held organization produces and markets architectural paint under Janmar brand name. In addition to producing a full line of architectural coatings, the company sells paint sundries (brushes, rollers, thinner, etc.) under the Janmar name, even though these item are not manufactured by the company. 2. Architectural painting Industry sources†¦show more content†¦Therefore, they cannot cut price this year. 3. Hire a sale representative costing $60,000 a year in non DFW areas. Vice President of Sales wants to develop a new retail account in non DFW areas after only five accounts for the last 5 years. They want to focus on non DFW areas because half of their sales and dealers exist in that particular area. It has been asking by Mr. Burns on what the sale representative will do, either focusing on retail account side or on recruiting the professional painter. 70 percent of sale is through their professional painters in DFW areas, while 70 percent of sale went to do-it-yourselfers in non DFW areas. They would need 40 percent price cut to attract contractors since they have minimum number of contractor sale in DFW and other areas. 4. Maintaining their current approach. Referring to Vice President of Finance, he want to pursue the current approach because they are in profitable based on contribution margin by 35 percent. The company just needs to monitor their margin in control their cost well. 4.0 Choose the best alternative The best alternative is sales representative, since it focuses on non DFW areas because half of their sales and dealers exist in that particular area. 5.0 Implementation of the alternative: Based on the case study, the way to implement the problem is through market targeting. There is the way of target the market which is: 1. Where to compete Janmar CoatingShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Janmar Coatings, A Paint Coatings Company1349 Words   |  6 PagesThis case is about Janmar Coatings, a paint coatings company based in the southwester United States. The company has come across a dilemma on how to deploy marketing efforts among the various architectural paint coatings markets served in the southwestern United States. When looking at the paint coating industry you will find that is separated into three different segments, architectural, original equipment manufacturing coatings and special purpose coatings. The segment, which we will focus on,Read MoreJanmar Coatings1653 Words   |  7 PagesJanMar Case Study Case Analysis United States Paint Industry The US paint industry is divided into three broad segments: architectural coatings, original equipment manufacturing (OEM) coatings, and special-purpose lacquers. The paint industry is a maturing industry. In 2004, sales were estimated to be slightly over $16billion and an average growth of 1-2% per year. Architectural Paint Coatings Industry The industry estimates that architectural coatings and sundries (brushes, paint removersRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagessupply/demand issue), advertising (well developed by 1900), or in most cases were simply not yet explored (e.g., customer purchase behavior, importance of distribution partners). Lead by marketing scholars from several major universities, the development of marketing was in large part motivated by the need to dissect in greater detail relationships and behaviors that existed between sellers and buyers. In particular, the study of marketing lead sellers to recognize that adopting certain strategies

Of travel Essay Example For Students

Of travel Essay I was in New York City in 1997 when I heard about the death of Aunty. When the call came in, I was alone in our tiny Manhattan apartment. It was on the corner of 145th Street and 7th Avenue. Immediately, I hurried into a C-shaped chamber I shared with Perry Winn at the time. Holding back tears definitely was not an option. According to the caller, she had died a mysterious death in Tabou, Ivory Coast. Actually, Aunty was not my aunt, as one may immediately assume. She was my long-time friend. She was my first love. Her father, Mr. Alfred Kenta, was a combined lawyer and local civil right activist. He spent the bulk of his time in Zwedru, Grand Gedeh County, where he had a government job. Auntys mother we simply her called Oldma chose not to follow her husband. She stayed back in Jarkaken, the same town where Aunty was born and brought up. Before I forget to mention it, Auntys real name was Comfort Sawlode Kenta. Her folks and eventually the entire Jarkaken community affectionately called her by a play-play name, as nickname is widely known in that rural part of Liberia. She was known as Aunty-baby, or simply Aunty. It is hard for me to forget many of the events that occurred in Jarkaken, especially while growing up there. I would love to re-live some of my most memorable moments from those days, but thats not achievable in this life. Aunty and I met while I was visiting the town from Wodayken, which was a tiny agricultural settlement built several miles away from Jarkaken. I was in the town to prepare for an enlistment into a male ritual. At the time we started dating, I was going on thirteen years of age, and Aunty was a year younger. We actually did not initiate the love affair. It was Auntys friend who played matchmaking for us. Her name was Cecelia Kanee Warner. We called her by her Grebo name, Kanee. I believe she was the oldest in our pack. She was notorious for fighting other kids. She was always caught fighting during recess at Kaytoken Junior High School. Her father, Oldman Sankon Warner, was an elementary science teacher. Her mother enjoyed singing in the local Assemblies of God church choir. The Warners were very active members in the A. G. Church. Aunty was a very beautiful girl; unfortunately, she never thought of herself in that way. Her eyes though very healthy looked different or atypical. They were assumed largely by the general public to be abnormal even though she saw the world just like any healthy person. Aunty was painfully bothered by grayish dots on her eyes. As if by design, each eye had one of the peculiar dots. Some kids made painful jokes about the dots. Occasionally, even some adults were downright insensitive and inconsiderate towards her. But according to my best recollection, Iforh Sayon Chea, a friend of mine, was the very first to truly and indeed heartlessly hurt my girls feelings. He was the architect of this demeaning portrayal of Auntys condition: bird-shit eyes. These were the vicious words he had coined and despicably used to depict the young womans terrible condition. Aunty was really uncomfortable with her condition, to say the least. I noticed that she was too shy to talk to me about her eyes. She did not tell me anything about Sayons offensive name-calling. She did not tell me about anyone else being mean to her. In fact, she never talked to me about her eyes. Equally, I never brought the topic up either. Clearly, my attitude was indifference; I saw a beautiful girl every time. Any eye-related issues I heard came from Kanee or another source. But I know one thing. The number one most-demeaning depiction that stood out among others was bird shit. The sound of this insult was enough, no matter who said it, to trigger Auntys excruciating emotions. Typically, she either ran home or into a self-imposed isolation. Other times she simply kneed with her face down and sobbed bitterly. The families of Kanee and Aunty were neighbors. Their houses were located in the borough of Karwea, not very far from the Prime Timber Product PTP sawmill. Thats how the two ladies became friends. Because Kanee liked to fight, she naturally provided a shield for Aunty. You may be surprised to hear that Kanee, the fighter, was also a compassionate figure that provided a shoulder for Aunty to cry on. Every time an inconsiderate person used the infamous curse words that depicted her condition, Kanee made sure to stand up physically for her friend. She never let her down. Because of the way the two carried themselves, some people thought the young ladies were sisters. Sometimes Aunty had to defend herself in the absence of Kanee and other good Samaritans. She was strong, but she was vertically challenged, or she was a very short person. She clearly stood well under sixty inches tall. There was an inferred height disadvantage every time she took on someone. She was a very stubborn girl, too. It always took long time for peacemakers to physically control her every time she had to physically confront someone. It is fair to say that she was bothered more by on-lookers than by name-calling kids in Jarkaken. Majority of the time, the kids showed disciplinary restraint. A great majority of the children hardly attacked Auntys eyes, and the few that intermittently attacked her did so while under extreme emotional stresses, which she might have induced. When it comes to Aunty, my memories will naturally continue to fade; however, they will never die. With that said, I do not remember the day or month we started dating. But I remember vividly the year. It was in 1984. Even though we were in the same school not same class, we interacted minimally at that setting. Our first real meeting, as far as I can remember, occurred at a local dance in the front of Mr. Wilson Swens residence. Mr. Swen was a prominent member in the town who was known for his propensity to defend the rights of people, especially women and the youth. Mr. Swen invited the young to a newly coined youth dance. The youth called it Jumayee. It was the only youth dance in the town. A fairly sizeable number of people over 45 showed little tolerance for the new dance. Mr. Jacob Chelae Belleh, an elderly man whose house was adjacent to Mr. Swen, used to go over and seize the drums the young used. . Of course, there was an underlying reason for the intolerance. The town of Jarkaken, along with other communities, had banned an earlier version of the dance, which was called Konbo. The new generation of youth had altered Konbos previously favorable traditional lyrics and had embarked on lyrics that were extremely naughty in nature. They used to direct sexually explicit words towards the towns females. The town felt compelled to put an end to the madness, permanently. Obviously, the banning of Konbo did not produce any positive change, such as the curtailing of youths unfavorable behavior toward decency and basic moral principles. Jumayee did not deviate from Konbo, as was evident from the following lyrical phrase: Bo wlede, e kpa Snehwiaa Pen. In other words, If you are late to the dance, you will be stuck with Snehwiahs Salamander. This lyrical comment was addressed primarily to males seeking sexy women. The phrase heartlessly depicted Girlju, Oldman Snehwiahs daughter. She was not ugly, but she was too small and tall. She had delayed entry into the puberty world; at the age of 12 she virtually had no breasts. Many boys said she was too slim and bony. They vehemently repudiated the notion of being in her presence, especially during the day. If some male was seen with her in isolation, he had essentially ruined his image. So, the young lady was mostly kept in isolation because not very many boys ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ especially the ones her peers dated wanted to ruin their prestige by stooping so low. They viciously and unsympathetically mentioned her name in their lyrics and equated her to a local amphibian. The young girl was humiliated because she was likened to a large but seemingly paled lazar. It was these kinds of issues that had triggered the banning of Konbo in the first place. Clearly, the Konbo biases were still present in the new dance. Well, while Jumayee was in progress, Aunty said she was in love with me. That was according to Kanee, the matchmaker. She asked Kanee to intervene in order to put us together. Kanee agreed to play the role. She knew that Aunty was too shy to tell me. That night, I was one of the singers at the dance. By the way, I was equally guilty because I sang offensive Konbo-like lyrics, too. A detective story EssayI stayed up the rest of the night thinking of what to say to my dad. Obviously, denying that something had happened was totally out of the choices I was weighing. The Oldma had convincing evidence that I was in her house. In her possession were my Janynidia, as the sanders were also called locally. Early the next day, say about 8am, my cousin RJ came to the house to visit. I explained everything that happened the night before to him. I even showed him some flip-flops slippers on my feet, and added, The Oldma has my sanders. It was a serious issue for me; RJ knew that, too. But somehow we caught ourselves laughing. I told another cousin, Saybeh Swen, and we tried to laugh it off, too. Iforh or I. F. found out much later. By noon, Mr. Josiah S. Winn, my father, sat under his almond tree. The tree had been in front of our house for well over a decade. By the time of my trouble, it had grown so big and tall or short, just the way we wanted it. We artificially controlled its height and how far it branched out. We used to cut the top-most branches. Regular trimming allowed it to grow new branches near the cut sites. The family regularly continued this grooming process during the life of the tree. The concept behind this was to have a tree with many branches. It also did not allow the tree to grow too tall. An opposite of this process would have resulted to a tall and weak tree that could not have withstood strong winds. During the sunny season, the manipulated tree provided adequate shade anytime of the day for those who sought refuse from the towns excessive heat. The front of our house gradually evolved into a recreational setting. Children, youth and adults alike frequented under the tree to play several of the towns popular games: marbles, ludu and the game of checkers. Some came to the tree not necessarily to visit us but to simply sit down and relax. The Oldma kept her words; she came to my fathers house. However, she did not arrive until much later in the afternoon. I wondered why so late considering the fact that she had been infuriated the night before. At about 2pm, she showed up to our house with my sanders in her hands. She walked behind Aunty who was setting the pace at which they traveled. They did not enter our house, but unlike the few folks that were utilizing the tree for recreational purposes, Aunty and her mother cared very little about tree-ameliorated comfort. They meant business that afternoon. The Oldma was not coming to sit under a shaded almond tree. Had that been the case, she would have sat under Mr. Jacob Nyenpans palms, which stood just a stone throw from her familys house. The Oldma was coming to talk about a troubled kid who had entered her house unannounced and slept in her daughters room. She was coming to confront an inexperienced trespasser. She knew the felon by name. She knew the person that left the shoes, which served as the elements of identification that facilitated investigators to point a finger at the perpetrator. With mountainous proof on hand, how could this intruder have denied any of the charges anyway? He was basically a sitting duck waiting to be picked up. My father was still under the tree when the Oldma and her daughter arrived with my sanders. She wasted no time: Last night, your son was illegally in my house. He was caught sleeping in my daughters room. In fact he jumped out the window and left these shoes. Before my dad could say something, she tossed the shoes in my general direction. A few bystanders giggled. Then she added, This is why I am here with my daughter. I have brought her to marry your son, Wilfred. . My father politely handled his friends concerns. Without further saying a word, she gestured the acceptance of dads apology and departed. As for Aunty, she only stayed for an hour or two, and then she followed her mother. Case closed! My father did not say anything to me in front of the Oldma. He did not say something to me immediately after her departure. His silence, I am assuming, may have been to spare me from additional emotional or physiological embarrassment since those who had giggled during the shoe tossing were still hanging around. Dad waited until the following day before telling me this, The next time you go to her house, use the door. Even though my father did not further offer elaborative or supportive comments, I knew precisely what he meant. It is a no-brainer that anyone who accesses another persons home unannounced and leaves through a window cannot be up to any good. So, his inferred point was as clear as crystal. I thought I saw a somewhat positive side, though. I believed my dad had essentially given me his seal of approval to continue dating Aunty. You may ask why I thought that way. Well, firstly, I heard what he said; however, what he did not say mattered a whole lot to me. He could have used one of his signature threats, The next time I see you or hear that you are over at Mr. Kentas house, I will order Kpadeh or Mantee to beat you, anything it costs me I will pay, laugh. He did not say that. He did not say dont go there; instead, he said ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦next timeÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦use the door. My father did not even use any harsh words towards me for my offense, which could have carried many felony charges by any national standard. I had anticipated some type of parental reprimand, but I didnt get any. I dont know why I did not get any corrective actions. My father, a renowned disciplinarian, chose not render any punitive actions for my crime. I did not stop going to Auntys house, though. In fact I frequented there after the incident. Auntys mother called me a few days after she returned my shoes and told me to ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦take care of my daughter. Did she and my father enter into some kind of compromise? Maybe they reached a mutual agreement to let us go on. In my judgment, however, the steps the two parents took or didnt take after the not so great escape could not have been mere coincidence. Anyway, I am not entirely sure any steps to bar me would have been effective, so the decision to avoid forcefully parting Aunty and me, weather intentional or not, was an excellent one. And no, I did not get the chance to take care of her. While nearing the threshold to maturity, a stage in life at which I could have handled individual responsibilities, I was relocated to Zwedru to continue education. Aunty went to Pleebo Maryland County soon after my departure, where she worked very hard and dealt with whatever life tossed her way. She did it well. I heard from friends and other sources that she used to buy palm oil in bulk and retailed it in the Pleebo area. She also did some trading across the Cavalla River in neighboring Ivory Coast. In July1994, just few months before my departure for the USA, I was very fortunate to meet her in Tabou during one of her errands. That was exactly a decade from the hour Kanee negotiated our love affair. Ten years had passed since we were behind the tiny hut, stirring away from each other and wondering who would be the first to say something. Now in Tabou, we were grown, but we were a world away from Jarkaken, where it all started and played out. We both agreed that our relationship had been very turbulent. We spent over four hours together in Kablake, Tabou, at Jerkins Norings residence. We did nothing but reminisced on whatever we identified as good and humorous in our past. Then I walked her home to Tabou Trois, another borough in Tabou, where James Jarbo had his house. Actually, she had stopped at the home of Dokuludo, her older sister who had married to Mr. Jarbo. So, that was the last time I saw her. She died in 1997 from an ill-defined condition. Shes always in my prayers; she is missed greatly. I know the Almighty God is blessing her Soul.